Gas burner



Oct z, 194s.

P. s. HARPER Er Al. 2,386,113

GAS BURNER Filed Feb. 19, 1941 s sheets-sheet 1 oct. 2, 1945. s, HARPER T AL 2,386,113

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' GAs BURNER Filed Feb. 19. 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Lag/mms Patented Oct. 2, 1945 REIISSUED MAY l1,3 1947 2,386,113 GAS BURNER Philip S.l Harper and George F. Turner, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Harper-Wyman Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application February 19, 1941, Serial No. 379,618

' (ci. 15s- 116) 20 Claims.

The present invention relates to gas burners and more particularly to burners of the type comprising a burner base and a burner head made of material having a greater coeflicient of expansion than the base and to burners comprising detachably secured base and head portions.

In the interest of economy and 'simplicity of detachability for cleaning, repair and the like, it has heretofore been .proposed to vconstruct gas burners of two parts, one called the burner head and the other a burner base. The burner head is ordinarily made of aluminum and the base from cast iron. According to one mode of construction, the base and head are provided with threaded portions whereby they are detachably secured. This construction has several disadvantages. For instance, if the threads are tight, it is diiilcult to remove the burner head and if they are loose, the assembly will not be gas tight. 'Ihe burner heads are made with shanks of different lengths, one form having a short shank and another a long shank. Burner heads with short shanks are distorted because of alternate heating and cooling with the result that the threads are destroyed as is the seal constituted thereby. Alternate heating and cooling of burner heads having long shanks results in the freezing of the threads of the aluminum nead to those of the cast iron base. The threads are also likely to strip or cross so as to render the `burner head unfit for use. Furthermore, a burner head wih a threaded shank is very likely not to be thread d into the base as far as it should be with the result that the port area is materially changed and the burner rendered ineiiicient in operation. i

'According to another mode of construction, the burner head and basehave been constructed with a thermal seal, i. e., a seal comprising head and burner portions normally having some clearance therebetween and depending upon the greater expansion of the aluminum head to take up the clearance when the burner is in operation. According to this construction, the burner head is formed with an integral central bar apertured to receive means for fastening it to the base, which may either be formed with a central bar or have associated with it separate structure forming the equivalent of a central bar. Where this separate structure has been used, it has been made of resilient material in order to permit relative movement between the head and base resulting from the use of materials having unequal coemcients of expansion.

'I'he construction using central bars is also objectionable because the bars-interfere with the ias supply of secondary air to the burner, do not permit use of central simmer burners, and spoil the appearance of the burners. Furthermore, it is relatively diiilcult to assemble and disassemble the burner.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved gas burner embodying a thermal seal that is compact and economical to make.

A further object `of the present invention is to Another 'object of the present invention is toV provide .a new and improved gas burner constructed with an improved thermal seal and with improved fastening means.

A further object of the prsent invention is to provide a new and improved, two-part gas burner wherein the fastening means is located within the burner. is resilient in construction, and comprises structure formed as part of the seal delning portion of the burner head.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description, in the course of which reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a top plan view of a burner constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 i's a side lelevational view of the burner illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view upon an enlarged scale of the burner illustrated in Figs. l and 2, the view being taken along the line 3 3` of Fig. `1 and illustrating details of construction of the burner head and base;

Fig.l 4 is a a`gmentary horizontal cross-sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of Fig. 3, but with the headdn a different angular position relative to the bas Fig. 5 is a side ele tional View, partly broken away, of a burner hed;

Fig. 6 is a view similar Fig. 3 of a modied partly'broken away,fillustratlng details of the securing means holding the burner head and base in assembled relation, which securing means is used in the Iembodiments of Figs. 6 and '1;l and Fig. 9 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present inven- Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, it may be noted that the burner illustrated therein is of the double burner type, comprising simmer and main burner sections I and I2, respectively, mounted upon a cast iron mixing tube I4. The main burner section I2 embodying the present invention consists of a cast iron base I6 secured to the mixing tube by a plurality of screws and an aluminum head I8 removably fastened to the base in a manner to be described fully hereinafter. The mixing tube is a conventional cored cast iron casting having therein a small mixing tube 20 and a large mix'- ing tube 22 through which gas is supplied to the simmer and main burner sections in a manner easily ascertainable from a glance at Figs. 1 and 3 under the control of a valve, not shown, which may be of any suitable construction.

The base I6 is provided at one endwith a passageway 24, one end of `-which communicates with the large mixing tube 22` and the opposite end of which opens into an annular burner chamber 26 defined by the base and head. The outer wall of the base terminates in a fiat inclined annular surface 28 that is cooperatively associated with circumferentially spaced apart teeth` 3D formed at the outer under edge of the top member to form a plurality of spaced-apart gas outletports. The base also has an inner cylindrical surface 32, inclined slightly from the vertical, forming with an opposed similarly inclined surface-34 of the burner top a` thermal seal. The two cylindrical surfaces are dimensioned so that the top and base members may be easily brought, when unheated, into assembled relation and then rotated to lock them in assembly as will be described shortly. When the burner is heated during operation of the burner, the aluminum head \expands against the cast iron and the surfaces 32 and 34 effecitively seal the burner chamber 26 from the atmosphere.

The improved fastening means of the present invention is of novel construction and so arranged that the burner head may be assembled and fastened to the base very easily and quickly detached for cleaning or for any other purpose. This fastening means comprises cooperatively associated interengaging structure on the head and base, whereby the head may be inserted into the base and then rotated to lock it in place. In the embodiment being described the head is provided with a pair of substantially horizontally disposed spaced apart arcuate projections, such as the lugs 36, and the base with diametrically opposed projections, such as the shoulders 38, adapted to restrain movement of the head when the latter is rotated to bring more or less of the lugs underneath the shoulders to engage the latter.

The lugs 36 are preferably formed integrally with the head and extend a short distance radially outward from the surface 34, as best illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The lugs are located above the seal defined by surfaces 32 and 3 4 and extend into an' annular recess defined by a peripheral shoulder 48 .formed in the base immediately above the surface 32, as best illustrated in Fig. 3.

The shoulders 38 are preferably formed as in tegral parts of a lock washer, indicated generally by reference character 42, although other forms of construction may be'used. In order that the burner head with its lugs may be inserted into the base, the lock washer is provided with opposed arcuate recesses 44 of lengths somewhat greater than the lugs. The lock washer is preferably seated upon an annular boss 46 set radially outward from sealing surface 32 and formed integrally with the base. It is secured in place by a pair of screws 48 located approximately halfway between the ends of the shoulders 38 and threaded into tapped openings in the base. It should be noted that diametrically opposite posts could be utilized in place of the annular boss 46 properly to locate the lock washer.

Resiliencyis imparted to the fastening means to prevent unduestresses in the burner head as a result of its greater expansion when heated by the horizontal.

making the lock washer of relatively thin metal and so constructing and arranging it relative to the head that it will gve a fewthousandths of an inch.

As has already been indicated, the burner is alternately heated and cooled in use. The result is a tendency of the burnerparts to distort, particularly the aluminum head, and if no means were provided for adjustment of the parts after installation, and the head more or less lxedly secured to the base, as in the past, the port area would be variable and the burner likely to become inefficient. These diiculties are in Part overcome by the resiliency of the fastening means which has a tendency to decrease the stresses. However, further adjustment is possible with the construction of the present invention to insure satisfactory operation of the burner over a long periodiof time.

The construction by means of which this further adjustment is 'made possible includes the feature of making the interengaging surfaces of the lugs 36 and shoulders 38 so that the head may be moved downward relative to the base after distortion has Itaken place, whereby the gas outlet port defining surface 28 and teeth 30 may be maintained in abutting engagement. This ls preferably accomplished by lnclining the top surfaces 50 of the lugs 36 slightly from No. 6 pitch. v

When the upper surface is so inclined, the lugs are so dimensioned that, Lwhen the head is initially assembled on the burner, approximately one-third of each lugis underneath its respective shoulders, as illustrated in Fig. 4. After a period of use, as much as two-thirds of the lugs may be underneath the shoulder, thus leaving the remaining one-third as a safety measure, as indicated in Fig. 3. Continued movement of the head in tightening direction to a point where the head may be removed is prevented by a pair of stops 52 formed by bending down-the ends of shoulders 38. It -is preferable also to dimension the lugs 36 so that their bottom surfaces do not strike the bottom of the annular shoulder 40 even when the lugs are rotated `to be completely under shoulders 38 in order to prevent variations in port area and to minimize stresses resulting from expansion of the head.

The construction and arrangement of the lugs 36 relative to the shoulders 38 is such that the points of contact between the two are at the ends 39 of the shoulders until the lugs are moved entirely underneath the shoulders. These ends are located s'ome distance from the fastening screws 48 and at a point where the lock washer A satisfactory inclination is a `is rotated and yet provide pendent structures as in scribed. The principles may be applied equally` is quite narrow, as best illustrated in Fig. 4, so that the lockwasher will give the requireddegree when theburner head expands. 'Furthermore, the lugs 36 are of such length that. 'even when moved against the stops 52, the points of contact are distant froml points radiallyinward from the screws 48. v

From the foregoing description itmay be noted that the burner partsmay be made simply and economically and the burner may be quickly assembled or disassembled. The fastening. means :,asans is llocated entirely within the burner with the result that the' appearance of the burner is enhanced and a central simmer section may be used Aas the center of the burner is entirely open. Furthermore, there is no interference whatever with the supply of secondary air to either the main or simmer burner sections. l

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in t Fig. 6 discloses a somewhat different` fastening means renderingv it possibleto simplify the burner base and head structures. The base is provided with an annular inner cylindrical seal defining wall 60 extending upwardly and. the. head with an inner downwardly extending cylindrical'wallSZ. In this embodiment the walls are not inclined but they are dimensioned to fit loosely when cold and to form a tight seal when heated.

The fastening means comprises a lever M pivotally secured between its ends to the bottom of the base by a screw Si and having a slightly rounded end 68 manually'movable to engage the vbottom of a peripheral groove 1U located at the lower end of wall 62 below the thermal seal, as best illustrated in Figs. 6 and 8. The lever does not materiallyinterfere with the expansion of the head when the latter is heated so that there is no danger of deformation of the head. If desired, the bottom of the base'could be provided with a camming surface near the screw 66 so that the rounded end 68 'of the lever would tend to move the head downward as the lever sufficient resiliency to permit movement of the head as it expands y when heated.

The fastening means of Figs. 6 and 8 may be used to good advantage with a seal constituted by two horizontally disposed surfaces' as illustrated in Fig. 7,- In the embodiment of this .figure the base lis of the same construction as that of Figs. 6 and 8,.but the top edge 'Il of wall 62 is used as a sealing surface. 'I'he head I8 is provided with an annular shoulder 1I, the

bottom surface of which rests upon the top edge of wall 62- and therewith constitutes a seal. Since the seal is constituted by horizontally disposed surfaces, the lower end 18 ot head Il need not t closely within the wall l2. 'I'he fasten# means corresponding identically in construction with that of the'embodiment of Figs. 1 to 5 and thedescription ofwhich it is not deemed necessary to repeat. The base and head are configured to form between them a main burner chamber u anda simmer burner chamber I8, separated l -by a wall Il formed integrally withthe base. The wall extends inwardly and then upwardly from the outer`wa1l of the; base andthe upwardly extending portion is constructed to receive the lock washer 42 `and with an inner cylindrical surface l0. The burner head is `constructed with a cylindrical-surface l2 opposite surface 80 and these `two surfaces fonn a thermal seal, just as surfaces I2 and Il of the .base and head of the `first de scribedl embodiment. The main burner vsection gas outlet ports are constituted by the inclined top edge 94` yof the outerwall of the base and teeth It formed at the outer under edge of the top, as inthe first describedV embodiment? The simmer burner section gas outlet ports are defined by the inclined top edge 98 of the inner wall of the base and teeth |00 formed integrally in the lowerend ofthe top at points opposite and extending below the seal defining surfaces al and I2 of the base and head, respectivelyl` d From the foregoing it may be noted that the principles of the present invention may be ad vantageously utilized 'in the construction of4 different types of gas burners and` itshould he `understood the specific details of the embodiments described herein are not intended 4to be limitative of the invention except in so fanas set forth in the accompanying claims.

What we claim as new and'de'sire to se ure by United States Letters Patent Aislas follows:

`outward therefrom and cooperating with the'base to form a burner chamber, the outer wall of said base and the outwardly extending structure of said head being constructed with inclined abuting means f this embodiment correspondsto that of Figs. 6 and 8 and, therefore, will not-be described in detail at this poin v 'Ihe principles of the present invention are not limited in. their application tosingle burners Ior to double gas burners wherein the two burner sections are constituted by more or less indethose heretofore deand 82 heldin assembled relation by fastening ting surfaces configured to denne gas outlet ports and the inner walls with surfaces arranged to` form a gas seal, and means for detachably fas- .tening said burner head to said base, said last mentioned `means including interengaging'elements on the base and head. certain of said in-l terengaging elements .being resilient to provide] for limited vertical relative movement between the base and head after the latter are assembled, and said interengaging elements being disposed to one side of the seal and away from said central openings.

2. A gasrburner, including in combination, a

. burner base having a central opening defined by an inner generally vertically extending wall and having also an outer wall the top of which is inclined inwardly and downwardly, a burner head of `material having a materially greater coefficient of expansion than the base and having a central opening defined by a generally verticallyextending wall, and structure extending into abutting contact with the inclined top of the outer wall of said base to form with said base a burner` cham "ber, the inner wallsof said base and head being provided with cylindrical surfaces of substantial length dimensioned loosely to iit one within the other when unheated and to form a gas seal when the burner isI heated. in operation. and means including structure interengageable upon rota- -tion of the head relative to the base on the adjoining seal defining surfaces and to one side oi the seal dening surfaces of the base and head for fastening the two in assembled relationship.

3. A gas burner, including in combination. a burner base having a central opening defined by an annularr inner generally vertically extending wall and having also an outer wall, a burner head of material having a materially greater coelcient of `expansion than the base, a central opening dened by an annular generally vertically extending wall, and a generally upwardly and outwardly extending structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber, the upper end of the outer wall of said base and the outer end of said head being provided with abutting inclined surfaces configured to form gas outlet ports, the inner wall of said head being dimensioned to fit loosely within the inner wall of the base when the burner is unheated and to form a gas seal when the burner is heated in operation, and means for detachably securing the burner head to the base, said last mentioned means including interengaging structure on the base and head, certain of said structure being resilient to provide for limited vertical movement between the lbase and head after the latter are assembled, and said structure being disposed to oneside of the seal and away from the central openings.

4. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having inner and outer wall-defining structure, a burner head having an inner wall-defining structure and structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber and gas outlet ports, the inner walls of said base and head being so dimensioned and having opposed substantially horizontally disposed arcuate proections of lengths such and so located that the head may be fastened to said base by placing it on the base with its projections between those on the base and then rotating" it relative to the base to bring the projections thereon below those on the base, certain of said projections being slightlyresilient to permit relative movement of the base and head after the two have been fastened.

5. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having inner and outer wall defining structure, a burner head of a material having a materially greater coefiicien of expansion than the base, said head having an inner wall dening structure and structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber and gas outlet ports, the inner walls of said base and head being so dimensioned and having opposed substantially horizontally disposed projections of lengths such and so located that the head may be fastened to the base by placing it on the base with its projections between those on the base and then rotating it relative to the base to bring the projections thereon below those on the base,A

vlassant of said base and the outer end of said head having abutting surfaces, the annularwall of said head being dimensioned to nt loosely within the annular walloi' said base when the Vburner-.is

unheated and to`form a gas seal therewith when the burner is heated in opration, the annular wall of said head having a pair of opposed substantially horizontal arcuate lugs extending outwardly therefrom and located above the seal defining portion thereof, and a lock washer secured to the annular wall of said base above. said arcuate shoulders for fastening the head to the base, said lock washer having a pair of opposed recesses of a size to permit passage of said arcuate lugs thereby and a pair of opposed shoulders adapted to fasten the head in place when the latter is rotated to bring the lugs underneath the shoulders.

7. In a gas burner according to claim 6, wherein the lock washer is made of slightly resilient metal. y

8. In a gas burner according to claim 6, wherein the lock washer is provided with stops extending into the path of movement of the arcuate lugs on the head for determining the limit of angular movement of the head relative to the oase.

9. In a gas burner according to claim 6, wherein the lock washer is made of slightly resilient material and is secured to the base at points approximately opposite the midpoint of the shoulders, and the upper edges of the arcuate lugs are inclinedl and so located relative to the shoulders that the points of contact between the lugs and shoulders are at points distant from those at which the washer is secured to the base.

10. A single section gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having an annular generally vertically extending inner wall and an outer wall of a height greater than that of the inner wall;'a burner head of material having a greater coeflicient of expansion than the base, and comprising a generally vertically extending annular inner wall and generally upwardly and outwardly extending structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber, the upper end of the outer wall of said base and the outer end of said head being provided with abutting surfaces inclined upwardly and outwardly and configured to form gas outlet ports, the inner wall of said head being dimensioned to fit loosely within the inner wall of said base when the burner is unheated and to form a gas seal therewith when the burner is heated in operation, the inner wall of said head having a pair of opposed substantially horizontal arcuate lugs extending outwardly therefrom and located above the seal defining portion thereof, and a lock washer secured to the `inner wall of said base above said arcuate lugs for fastening the head to the base, said lock washer being made of slightly resilient material and having a pair of opposed recesses of a size to permit passage of said lugs thereby and a pair of opposed shoulders of substantial length adapted to fasten the head in place when the latter is rotated to bring the lugs underneath the shoulders, said washer being secured to the top of the inner wall of the base at points approximately opposite the midpoint of the shoulders, and the upper edges of said lugs being inclined and so located relative to the shoulders that the burner head and base contact at the gas outlet port defining inclined surfaces and the ends of the shoulders in engagement with the lugs.

assans portion having an annular generally verticallyI extending portion fitting loosely Within the intermediate wall of the burner when the burner is unheated and to form a seal therewith when the burner is heated in operation, and means including outwardly extending lugs on the intermediate portion of the head and cooperatively associated shoulders on the top of the intermediate wall of the base and above the seal defining portions for detachably securing the head to the base.

12. A gas burner, including in combination, a

burner base having inner and outer annular generally vertically extending walls connected by an annular horizontally disposed base portion, a burner head having an annular inner wall extending below the base portion of said burner base and structure extending generally upwardly and outwardly from said wall cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber and gas outlet ports, said inner walls being constructed with surfaces arranged to form a gas seal, and means for detachably fastening said head to said base, said last mentioned means including a peripheral groove on the outer surface and at the lower end of the inner wall of the head and a lever pivotally secured to the base portion of the burner base having an end portion movable into said groove.

13. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having inner and outer annular generally vertically extending walls connected by an annular horizontally disposed base portion, a burner head of material having a greater coeiiicient of expansion than the burner base, said head having an annular inner wall extending within the inner wall of and below the base porj y tion of said burner base and having structure exp tending generally"upwardly and outwardly from said wall cooperating with said base to form a burnerchamber, the outer wall of said base and the outer under edge of said head having upwardly and outwardly inclined abutting vsurfaces coniigured to form gas outlet ports, the inner walls of said head and base being dimensioned to t loosely when the burner is unheated and to form a gas seal when the burner is heated in operation, and means for detachably fastening said head to said base, said last mentioned means including a peripheral groove on the outer surface and at the lower end of the inner wall of the head and a lever pivotally secured to the base having an end portion movable into said groove.

14. In apparatus of the class described, fastening means for securing structure having concentric annular wall definingy portions, including in combination, a pair of opposed arcuate lugs on one wall disposed in `a plane perpendicular to the axis of said walls, an annular shoulder formed at the outer end of said other wall of a size to receive said lugs, and a lock washer secured to the outer end of said other wall, said washer haviri'g opposed recesses of a size to permit said lugs to pass thereby and opposed shoulder defining portions to engage said lugs when the two walls are rotated relative to one another.

15. In apparatus of the class described, fastening means for securing `structures having concentrie annular wall defining portions made of materials having different coeiiicients of expansion, the combination including, a pair of opposed arcuate lugs on one wall disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said walls, an annular shoulder formed at the outer end of said other wall of a size to receive said arcuate lugs, and a lock washer of slightly resilient material secured to the outer end of said other wall, said washer having opposed recesses of a size to permit said lugs to pass thereby andl opposed shoulder defining portions of substantial length to engage said lugs when the two walls are rotated relative to one another, said washer being secured to the other wall at points located approximately midway between the ends of shoulders thereon, and said lugs being inclined so as to contact the washer shoulders at the ends of the latter.

16. In apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the washer is provided with stop defining portions' extending into the path of movement of the lugs to determine the limit of relative rotation Y of said walls.

Y 17. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having a central opening defined by an inner wall and having also an outer wall, a burner head having a 'central opening defined by an inner wall and having also structure extending upward and outward therefrom into abutting engagement with the top oi' the outer wall of the base to form a burner chamber, the inner walls being constructed with surfaces arranged to form a gas seal, and means disposedaway fromsaid central openings and inside the chamber for detachably fastening said burner head to said base.

18. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having an annular generally vertically extending wall and an outer Wall, a burner head comprising an annular generally `vertically extending wall and generally upwardly and outwardly extending structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber, the upper end of the outer wall of said base and the outer end of said head having abutting surfaces, the annular wall of said head being dimensioned rotatably to fit within the annular wall of said base, the annular wall of said head having a pair of opposed substantially horizontal arcuate lugs extending outwardly therefrom, and a lock washer secured to the annular wall of said base above said arcuate shoulders for fastening the head tothe base, said lock washer having a pair of opposed recesses of a size` to permit passage of said arcuate lugs thereby and a pair of opposed shoulders adapted to fasten the head in place when the latter is rotated to bring the lugs underneath the shoulders.

19. A gas burner, including in combination, a burner base having inner and outer wall dening structure, a burner head having inner and outer wall defining structure cooperating with said base to form a burner chamber and gas outlet ports, the inner and outer walls of said base and head being concentrically arranged to enable the head to be rotated relative to the base, and means for detachably securing the head to the base including opposed structures on the base and head adapted to be brought into interlocking engagement upon limited rotation of the head 6 andere relative to the bese. the last mentioned structure cn the base lacing` scxnewhat resilient.

20. A ges burner. includingin ccmbination, e. burner base having inner and outer wall delininl structure. a. burner head having inner and cuter I wall dennins ctructureecoperating with laid bale to form a burner chamber and ses outlet porte. the inner and outer walls of said base and head being concentrically arranged tc enable the head tc be rotated relative te the bese. and means ter detachably securing the'head te the bac including opposed ltrueturea en the base Iaml head adapted te be breulht inte interleukin: engagement upon limited rotation of the head relative to the base and certain ot which are lemewhat relilient.

PHILIP S. HARPER. (IiEOFtC'vIi` F. TURNER.. 

